Mushroom Protocol 11

in Fungi Lovers2 years ago (edited)

DSC06575.JPG

Sony Nex vg-10, 35mm f/2.5

Introduction

Dear FungiLovers Hivemind

The recent rains sparked a phenomenon we all know quite well here in the fungi community. The mycorrhiza shot out from everywhere. Of course so did the saprophytes.

Sensing a very strong contemporary trend of mycophilia a strong current is visible toward mushroom hunting. Specially while tracking paths through the woods and how some unfledged hunters proceed. Having some callow traits myself, I learned a lot of lessons this year.

With a short summer break during the dry season, I was super excited to bring the first few mushrooms I found to the association for mycological studies for the fungi study group on Monday.

On regular excursions with friends, we had many conversations about gut bacteria (microbial genomes) and Immunomodulation. We canvassed why two people with the same enterotype can have one who can tolarate mushrooms while ingesting better than another. We also talked about eating uncooked, raw mushrooms as well as the process of extracting dietary antioxidants. Specially when it comes to concentrating substances in mushrooms for medicinal purposes. Since mushrooms are high in proteins, polysaccharides, terpenes and terpenoids we compared the ones foraged to the ones coming from sterile cultivation. These Antioxidants include polyphenols, glutathione and ergothioneine. Mushrooms show promising immunomodulatory, antitumor and antioxidant properties and are currently the hottest research next to the ECM(Extra-Cellular Matrix), -gut microbiomes and mycobiomes, and the phylogenetic trees from mushroom DNA sequencing that are elucidating various mushrooms and their evolutionary relationships. Phylogenomic analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as well as molecular sequencing are revolutionised through computational biology with methods to help manage large datasets. These algorithms can quickly analyse these DNA and RNA sequences to build such a phylogenetic trees. We are entering an exciting time in this new field of science and nothing will ever be the same.

Apart from the fact that we share a lot of DNA with mushrooms, the philosophical conversations I have while surrounded by gymnosperms, beautiful majestic trees and moss, are just incredible experiences that invoke skin deep excitement for life on our planet and how much we are related to it.

2022-09-14 23.47.00.jpg Meeting Mr. Frog in the forest

Mushroom Journeys

Last time I wrote about the complex signalling that occurs between arbiscular mycorhizzas and the epidermis. The highly captivating ecto- and endosymbiosis, how these arbiscules that interact with the machinery of the plant hosts and the magic that happens during protein synthesis on a molecular level is so fascinating, that it feels that we are only just beginning to scratch the surface of construing the grand cellular intelligence behind complex organisms and their interactions in symbiosis.

DSC06548.JPG Trametes versicolor, Turkey tail aka Coriolus versicolor

Less about science and more about foraging and mushroom hunting, I have recently been visiting a temple, where I lately cooked lunch as seva(selfless service). Meeting up with various interesting characters au courant in the world of holistic thought, we decided to form a mushroom hunting group there. This group is now growing

@light-walker, @PipaLangstrumpf and me set out to explore the local woods for some fungi. Our scout was Pipa, who knew these woods in and out through her walks with her awesome dog Deva

DSC06554.JPG

DSC06565.JPG

DSC06568.JPG

DSC06570.JPG

DSC06572.JPG

Finding so many edible mushrooms can be a very joyful experience.

DSC06579.JPG
Here I found some Pleurotus pulmonarius

Recap


In my previous post Mushroom Protocol 10 , we went over 3 mushrooms.
Namely:

  • The Laetiporus sulphureus, chicken of the woods
  • The Polyporus Squamosus aka Cerioporus squamosus, dryad's saddle
  • The Boletus reticulatus aka Boletus Aestivalis, Summer Cep

So far we covered:

  • The Scleroderma citrinum or earthball
  • The Craterellus cornucopioides or horn of plenty
  • The lycoperdon or puffball
  • The Boletus calopus, bitter beech bolete or scarlet-stemmed bolete
  • The Hygrocybe punicea, Crimson or waxycap
  • The Hypholoma fasciculare, sulphur tuft
  • The Hericium Erinaceus, Lion's Mane
  • The Gyroporus castaneus, chestnut bolete
  • The Stabilomyces Stabilaceus, old man of the woods
  • The Hydnum repandum, hedgehog mushroom
  • The Hericium Erinaceus, Lion's Mane
  • The Coprinopsis atramentaria, ink cap
  • The Hericium cirrhatum, tiered tooth fungus
  • The Armilliria ostoyae, Dark Honey Fungus
  • The Laccaria Amethystina, amethyst deceiver
  • The Omphalotus illudens, eastern jack-o'lantern
  • The Armilliria ostoyae, Dark Honey Fungus
  • The Laccaria Amethystina, amethyst deceiver
  • The Omphalotus illudens, eastern jack-o'lantern
  • The Clitocybe nebularis, , Clouded Agaric
  • The Amanita Muscaria, , Fly Agaric
  • The Pholiota squarrosa, , shaggy scalycap
  • The Clitocybe nebularis, , Clouded Agaric
  • The Amanita Muscaria, , Fly Agaric
  • The Pholiota squarrosa, , shaggy scalycap
  • The Clitocybe nuda,, Wood Blewit
  • The Pleurotus ostreatus,, Oyster Mushrooms
  • The Lactarius deliciosus, , saffron milk cap
  • The Boletellus obscurecoccineus, rhubarb bolete
  • The Sarcoscypha austriaca, scarlet elfcup
  • The Daedalea quercina, oak mazegill
  • The Daldinia Childiae, Carbon balls
  • The Formitopsis pinicola, red-belted conk
  • The Stereum subtomentosum, Yellowing Curtain Crust

While identifying mushrooms one should be very careful and consult the advice of a specialist. Mushrooms that aren't identified properly and ingested can cause intestinal stress, could be very toxic or even poisonous. In some cases they can even cause death. This blog content is only for personal and educational purposes and not a guide on mushroom picking.

Mushrooms

Sarcodon imbricatus, shingled hedgehog

2022-09-14 22.55.05.jpg

2022-09-14 22.56.14.jpg

Screenshot 2022-09-15 at 20.01.46.png

Source

I dehydrated this mushroom and then ground it into powder. I now use it as a spice. It's delicious and has a flavourful nutty smell.

ClassAgaricomycetes
DivisionBasidiomycota
FamilyBankeraceae
OrderThelephorales
GenusSarcodon
Scientific NameSarcodon imbricatus
AppearenceThe stem of Scaly Tooth is pale throughout its length, whereas Sarcodon scabrosus has a blue-grey stem base (and the cut flesh inside the stem base is also blue-grey).Source
TypeMycorrhizal
Medicinal Properties Although S. imbricatus is not commonly used by humans in a medicinal context, there is interesting preliminary research suggesting that it could be.
Experiments with mice show that polysaccharides extracted from this mushroom can improve multiple indicators of marrow and bone health and may be able to treat hematopoietic dysfunction as well as some of the more serious side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy[vi].
Polysaccharides from hawk wing also reversed immunosuppression that that had been experimentally induced in mice[vii].
Whole hawk wing mushroom[viii], dried and powdered, has been used to relieve the effects of fatigue in mice who had either been experimentally fatigued through forced exercise or had been given chronic fatigue syndrome. The researchers speculate that humans may be able to protect themselves from fatigue by eating hawk wing regularly.
Chemical studies have identified substances in the mushroom known to have anti-cancer, anti-leukemia, and anti-inflammatory properties, though not all of these have been tested yet in living animal subjects or human patients[ix]. A hawk wing extract has slowed breast tumor growth in experimental mice and rendered cultured cancer cells less able to exhibit invasive characteristics[x].
Not all uses are medicinal. Hawk wing can also be used to make a variety of dyes[xi]; depending on how the mushroom is processed, it can yield beige, bluish-gray, and a range of gray-green shades. Other Sarcodon species also produce dyes, the color range depending on the species in question. Most produce grays, blues, or beiges, or some combination of these, but at least one can produce pinkish brown.
It is difficult to find detailed nutritional information for hawk wing. Available sites point out that it is low in both calories and fat, as most edible mushrooms are. Although the flavor appears to vary significantly, when these mushrooms taste good they reportedly taste very good.
Source
CulinaryEdible: Powdered, used as spice
HabitatMycorhizal with pines

shadow_fw_new .png

Clitopilus geminus, dryad's saddle

2022-09-14 23.48.06.jpg

2022-09-14 23.48.00.jpg

ClassAgaricomycetes
FamilyEntolomataceae
OrderAgaricales
DivisionBasidiomycota
Scientific NameRhodocybe gemina or Clitopilus geminus
Common NameTan Pinkgill
AppearenceThe robust stature of this rare (in Britain and Ireland, at least) mushroom is reminiscent of St George's Mushroom Calocybe gambosa or some of the stouter Tricholoma species.Source
OdeurMealy odour (like wet flour) or fruity; oily/nutty taste.
CulinaryAlthough reported to be edible, this is a rare find throughout most if not all of its range - sufficient reason, surely, for not collecting this species other than when necessary for research purposes.
HabitatSaprobic, usually in groups, on soil in scrubby grassland and woodlands, often with Stinging Nettles
Medicinal PropertiesAs a rare species, further morphological studies as well as research is currently being done.

shadow_fw_new .png

Fistulina hepatica, Beefsteak Fungus

2022-09-14 23.47.05.jpg the brown red fungus on the right


Source


Source

ClassAgaricomycetes
DivisionBasidiomycota
OrderAgaricales
FamilyFistulinaceae
GenusFistulina
Scientific NameFistulina hepatica
Common NameBeefsteak Fungus
AppearenceAnother common name for this parasitic bracket is the Ox Tongue fungus. Oak timber that has been infected with this parasite is greatly valued by wood turners and cabinet makers, who sometimes refer to it as 'Brown Oak'. If you cut through the flesh of Fistulina hepatica, the Beefsteak Fungus, it certainly does look like a slice of prime beef; unfortunately the taste is not as good as the appearance. Young specimens are rather more palatable, and are best simmered slowly to soften the flesh. Source
Habitat Fistulina hepatica brackets usually occur low down on the trunks of trees - most commonly oaks and sweet chestnuts - and it is quite common for them to emerge from the trunks or roots of fallen trees long after the tree itself is leafless and dead. Source
OdeurBitter, acidic taste; no distinctive odour.
CulinaryWhen young and fresh, the tender fruitbodies of Fistulina hepatica are edible. Although when sliced into strips they look very much like beef steaks (as seen in the illustration on the left), they are rather acidic and slightly bitter, and they do not taste at all like beef.It would be a big mistake to order your meal of Beefsteak Fungus to be cooked 'medium-rare', as even when young and fresh these tough fungi require a lot of cooking before they are tender enough to eat. Source
MedicinalAntioxidant activity

F. hepatica has been investigated for its capacity to act as a free-radical scavenging agent. Good radical-scavenging activity was noted against DPPH, the superoxide radical and the hydroxyl radical, while only a weak protective effect was seen against hypochlorous acid (Ribeiro et al., 2007).

Antibacterial activity

Some Italian studies by Coletto have revealed that F. hepatica has potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (Coletto 1981, 1987/88), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Coletto, 1992). Also, the tetrayne-tetraol mentioned above has modest antibacterial activity, comparable with that of cephalosporin C against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmomlla typhi, when tested by the hole-plate method (Farrell et al., 1973).

Nematicidal activity

The growth medium affects the nematicidal activity of F. hepatica (and various other fungi). When grown in Czapek broth, filtrates of the beefsteak fungus were pathogenic to the wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus grown in vitro. However, grown in potato dextrose broth, filtrates of the same fungus were not pathogenic (Dong et al., 2006)

Anti-tumor activity

Polysaccharides extracted from the mycelial culture of F. hepatica and administered intraperitoneally into white mice at a dosage of 300 mg/kg inhibited the growth of Sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich solid cancers by 80% and 90%, respectively (Ohtsuka et al., 1973).Source

2022-09-14 22.55.44.jpg

2022-09-14 22.56.03.jpgAmanita rubescens, blusher

2022-09-14 22.56.32.jpgSuillellus luridus

2022-09-14 22.56.39.jpgBoletus reticulatus

2022-09-14 23.46.43.jpg

2022-09-14 23.48.27.jpgSavoy cabbage, fennel, Fistulina hepatica(Beefsteak Fungus), Macrolepiota procera(Parasol mushroom), Clitopilus geminus(dryad's saddle) with garam masala and lemon zest, served with buckwheat

Conclusions

This season I made sure I would diligently forage, process, dehydrate and fill mason jars of delicious mushrooms, so i'd have aromatic scents of the forest to add to my dishes.

I'm excited that our mushroom group I mentioned is growing and we are already planing mushroom excursions. To motivate and get people around me excited about mycology, the topic of mushrooms and forest bathing(Shinrin Yoku) gives me great pleasure.

Thank you for reading

Best Wishes
Rane

2022-09-14 22.56.23.jpg

Previous Posts on Mushrooms:

shadow_fw_new .png
Posts about Wild Herbs:

Screen Shot 20200608 at 00.13.04.png
Vanishing
Dong Chang 东厂
aka Rane

shadow_fw_new .png

"The exact sciences start from the assumption that in the end it will always be possible to understand nature, even in every field of experience, but that we may make no a priori assumption as to the meaning of 'understand' "
- Werner Heisenberg

"The ability for some of us to reason depends on the the number of fallacies they are conditioned with. If their convictions are believed axioms, their deduced notions create a collective with strongly embedded defining precepts. What is these are all delusions based on lunacy turning into aberration and savagery."
- @yangyangje

shadow_fw_new .png

Feel free to tip Wallets for support:


Bitcoin
3Mvofn1VynU168DuYtMsDqnUMSw7nQ8JEQ


Ethereum, XDAI, Polygon, Binance Smart Chain...: 0x0398edefB9d18A6a7c9fe573bdeedB7797283Ae5
Tezos:
tz1iSv5gWfPqUqaGChhfX8Vj3yquj36fad2Y
Cosmos:
cosmos1l66z8kxxgvftw7cprz5dlzvzm4tyefhrvm3w03
Solana:
9AmMfaerhNgsz2maByDUGrPMKYQRVeYQXJvCe9n48Fti
Terra
terra1m7q65zpa8y2zamjxqtnt43tprm36utkckdqf3a
Osmosis
osmo1l66z8kxxgvftw7cprz5dlzvzm4tyefhryqz7er

shadow_fw_new .png

hive_banner7.gif

Member of the Swiss Hive Community. Here's the curation project.
Feel free to delegate Hive Power to @badge-107955 to support the Swiss Hive

Delegate to the Mind Force Gathering @mind.force and support more than artist on the hive blockchain.


Supporter of the Lotus Community

Join the Herbal Hive Community
Admin at the Hive Rocks Community

shadow_fw_new .png

Odysee

Twitter


Sort:  

It is always a pleasure to read your accounts. Shingled hedgehog was a highlight find of your post for me, and you really had the balls to forage Amanita rubescens. Respect! and a !PIZZA

It's a great pleasure for me to read your comment. To be honest, I always got Amanita rubescens checked and i'm only now starting to get familiar with it's identification and it's the preparation. We've got someone here who claims that one can eat almost every mushroom if you know how to prepare it. Another guy in the association pointed his finger on that person and said "They eat everything". I know from the association that the mushrooms are culture where you live. So fascinating. fsegda priatno ot tebja chetat bratan.

fsegda priatno ot tebja chetat bratan.

wow! thats totally correct 😁😁😁 )))))))

Wow what abundance of mushrooms and a wealth of knowledge about what you found. I look forward to the day, when I perhaps might get to go foraging with you xxxxxx

My friend :) When thinking about it, a lot of the joy I have for this topic also comes from the @hive-166168 community and the amazing people around me, including you. I can only give the joy and passion I have back to the people who inspire me. Unfortunately I know very little and there are 3000 mushrooms out of more than 10'000 known to humans. I'm always surprised at how many there are. They also recently started discovering more species in a genus and began sequence them. What helped me is to get a mushroom guide that's very good. It's in german but covers 1500 mushrooms.

PIZZA!

PIZZA Holders sent $PIZZA tips in this post's comments:
@qwerrie(1/5) tipped @yangyanje (x1)

Please vote for pizza.witness!

Yay! 🤗
Your content has been boosted with Ecency Points, by @hive-166168.
Use Ecency daily to boost your growth on platform!

Support Ecency
Vote for new Proposal
Delegate HP and earn more

The amount of time to complete this must be huge. Thank you all for this.

Congratulations @yangyanje! You have completed the following achievement on the Hive blockchain and have been rewarded with new badge(s):

You distributed more than 43000 upvotes.
Your next target is to reach 44000 upvotes.

You can view your badges on your board and compare yourself to others in the Ranking
If you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word STOP

Support the HiveBuzz project. Vote for our proposal!

Ohhhhh so fein! Die haben sicher sehr gut geschmeckt 😋

Dear @yangyanje,
May I ask you to review and support the Dev Marketing Proposal (https://peakd.com/me/proposals/232) we presented on Conference Day 1 at HiveFest?
The campaign aims to onboard new application developers to grow our ecosystem. If you missed the presentation, you can watch it on YouTube.
You cast your vote for the proposal on Peakd, Ecency,

Hive.blog / https://wallet.hive.blog/proposals
or using HiveSigner.

Thank you!

I love what you do, its a pleasure to come acrose your posts.