Hershey, the Model Town of Cuba

in Worldmappin2 days ago

At the beginning of the 20th century, the first and only Model Town to exist in our country was built in Cuba. Created in the image and likeness of its predecessor in Pennsylvania, United States, both were commissioned by the chocolate industry magnate Milton S. Hershey.

With the economic crisis provoked by the First World War, the American magnate came to Cuba in search of a sugar industry that could supply the needs of his demanding chocolate business. And so it was that in 1916 he bought vast tracts of land and began the construction of a Sugar Mill. In its vicinity, he ordered the construction of a town for his workers to live near it.

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And so the town of Hershey was born, an atypical batey built around the sugar mill of the same name, both of which are now called Camilo Cienfuegos. According to some inhabitants I spoke with on the day I visited, Hershey was a dream town. It had everything its residents could need: medical services, a pharmacy, a free school for the workers' children, a church, a beautiful amusement park for the children, a golf course, a baseball field, a cinema, a theater, a hotel, a shopping center, a social club, and other necessary services. It was a small city in the middle of the countryside, with paved streets, its own power generation plant, potable water, adequate sewerage, and fire hydrants. Its houses, built in the American style, were subsidized by Mr. Hershey's company, which was also responsible for their maintenance and repair.

Of course, along with all these imported comforts came the customs and traditions. Social strata were well-defined in Hershey. One part of the population, the American workers and others who held high positions in the Mill, lived in large chalets with perfect patios and gardens.

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The workers in other, less important positions had their small houses, also with certain comforts, though far from the luxury of the first.

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Finally, there were the salaried workers and black laborers; they lived in houses with worse conditions and in small stone rooms that were built for young single men. Although they had the right to enjoy some of the town's benefits, segregation existed, and they were forbidden from entering certain places. Nevertheless, they received a salary of more than double that of equivalent workers at other sugar mills in the country.

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Such was the life that the philanthropist Milton had created in that mythical town near Santa Cruz del Norte. According to several local elders who were born here and told me, it was a happy town. I was lucky enough to speak with a 92-year-old man, lucid and very kind. He is the son of the man who was the accountant at the Mill in its heyday, when it was the most productive in the country and even in Latin America. With tears in his eyes, he tells me stories his father told him. He narrates his school years, his memories vivid despite the years, the smell of molasses, the sound of the Mill's whistle announcing the shift changes. I listen attentively to everything that kind old man tells me, and his sadness invades me too. "This town is just a shadow of what it was," he tells me to end our conversation.

Destruction and abandonment have taken over everything. The immense Sugar Mill is falling to pieces. The sumptuous chalets (not so much anymore) struggle to remain standing. The workers' small houses resist through patches and repairs. The children's park is a vacant lot full of trash, the cinema and the social club are buildings abandoned to their fate. Only the church remains upright; it seems as if more than a century has not passed over it.

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What was once a prosperous and beautiful town is today a space full of longing. Almost all the descendants of those first inhabitants do not live here; they have emigrated to other lands, above all to the United States. Hershey is sad proof of what neglect causes to the life and memory of a town.

Right at the entrance of the town, like a ghost from other times, is the memory of also the first and only electric train that existed in Cuba. Perhaps in another post I will tell you its story, which is closely linked to this town and its creator.

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Hershey, el pueblo modelo de Cuba


A principios del siglo XX se construyó en Cuba el primer y único Pueblo Modelo que ha existido en nuestro país. Hecho a imagen y semejanza de su predecesor en Pennsylvania, Estados Unidos, ambos fueron mandados a construir por el magnate de la industria chocolatera Milton S. Hershey.

Con la crisis económica provocada por la Primera Guerra Mundial, el magnate americano llegó a Cuba en busca de una industria azucarera que pudiera suplir las necesidades de su demandante negocio chocolatero. Fue así como en 1916 compró grandes extensiones de tierra y comenzó la construcción de un Central Azucarero. En sus inmediaciones mandó a construir un poblado para que sus trabajadores vivieran cerca de este.

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Así nació el poblado de Hershey, un atípico batey construido alrededor del Central de igual nombre, hoy llamados Camilo Cienfuegos. Según algunos habitantes con los que pude conversar el día que visité el lugar, Hershey era un pueblo de ensueño. Tenía todo lo que sus habitantes podrían necesitar: servicios médicos, farmacia, escuela gratis para los hijos de los trabajadores, iglesia, un hermoso parque de diversiones para los niños, campo de golf, terreno de pelota, cine, teatro, hotel, centro comercial, club social y otros servicios necesarios. Era una pequeña ciudad en medio del campo, con calles asfaltadas, su propia planta de generación eléctrica, agua potable, un adecuado alcantarillado y tomas de agua para casos de incendio. Sus casas, construidas al estilo americano, eran subsidiadas por la compañía del Sr. Hershey la que también se encargaba de su mantenimiento y reparación.

Por supuesto, junto a todas estas comodidades importadas también llegaron las costumbres y las tradiciones. Los estratos sociales estaban bien marcados en Hershey. Una parte de la población, los trabajadores estadounidenses y otros que ocupaban altos cargos en el Central, vivían en grandes chalets con patios y jardines perfectos.

Los trabajadores de otros puestos menos importantes tenían sus pequeñas casas, también con ciertas comodidades, aunque lejos del lujo de las primeras.

Por último, estaban los trabajadores asalariados y peones negros; ellos vivían en casas con peores condiciones y en pequeños cuartos de piedra que se construyeron para los jóvenes solteros. Aunque tenían derecho a disfrutar de algunos de los beneficios del pueblo, existía segregación y tenían prohibida la entrada a ciertos lugares. No obstante, recibían un salario de más del doble que iguales trabajadores de otros centrales del país.

Así era la vida que el filántropo Milton había creado en aquel mítico pueblo cercano a Santa Cruz del Norte. Según me dijeron varios ancianos del lugar que nacieron aquí, aquel era un pueblo feliz. Tuve la suerte de conversar con un Señor de 92 años, lúcido y super amable. Es hijo del que fuera contador en el Central cuando estaba en sus mejores tiempos, cuando era el más productivo del país e incluso de América Latina. Con lágrimas en los ojos me cuenta historias que su padre le contaba. Me narra sus años en la escuela, sus recuerdos vívidos a pesar de los años, el olor a melaza, el sonido del silvato del Central que anunciaba los cambios de turnos. Escucho atenta todo lo que ese amable anciano me cuenta y también su tristeza me invade. "Este pueblo es solo la sombra de lo que fue", me dice para terminar nuestra conversación.

La destrucción y el abandono se han apoderado de todo. El inmenso Central Azucarero se cae a pedazos. Los suntuosos chalets (ya no tanto) luchan por mantenerse en pie. Las pequeñas casas de los trabajadores resisten a golpe de remiendos. El parque infantil es un terreno baldío lleno de basura, el cine y el club social son edificios abandonados a su suerte. Solo la iglesia sigue erguida, parece que no ha pasado por ella más de un siglo.

Lo que un día fue un próspero y lindo pueblo, es hoy un espacio lleno de añoranza. Casi todos los descendientes de aquellos primeros pobladores no viven aquí, han emigrado hacia otras tierras, sobre todo a Estados Unidos. Hershey es una triste prueba de lo que la desidia provoca en la vida y la memoria de un pueblo.

Justo a la entrada del pueblo, como un fantasma de otros tiempos, está el recuerdo del también primer y único tren eléctrico que existió en Cuba. Quizás en otra publicación les haga su historia, que está muy ligada a este pueblo y a su creador.

All rights reserved on the text and images, which are of my authorship unless otherwise indicated. I use DeepL for translation because my English is very bad. 🤭

Derecho reservado sobre el texto y las imágenes, que son de mi autoría a no ser que indique lo contrario. Uso DeepL para la traducción porque mi Inglés es muy malo. 🤭

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A shocking story of a town that was so important for Cuba and became a model, despite the social class difference, but it was normal for the time and still the workers enjoyed a good salary. I look at the photographs and I seem to see what it was and then I go back to them and I see it as a ghost town, in a way I felt sorry for it.

It is part of your history and you were able to capture in photographs every corner of a place that must have been wonderful at the time. It is very fortunate that you were able to talk to that person, with his anecdotes he made you see what life was like at that time. I loved the stone houses and that beautiful church. I'm sure that train will have a great story. Thank you very much for sharing with us a piece of the culture and history of your town. A big hug!


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Hello Amonet! The story of the town of Hershey is full of contrasts and contradictions. There are many differing opinions about what it was and about its creator, but the people I was able to speak with all talk about it with nostalgia and a deep longing. It's sad to compare what my eyes were seeing with the memories the gentleman was telling me about, it was difficult to imagine. Thank you for reading and commenting, a hug back. Linda semana 😊

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Thanks 😊

Really enjoyed this sad to see how the town changed, but your photos and story were great to read..

Thanks, I'm glad you laked it

Cuba is beautiful , however, there are a lot of witchcraft there, which is from the enemy and causes so many big problems and separation from God.

Cuba is really beautiful.

A sad story that repeats itself in many parts of the country. Many sugar mills have been lost, leaving behind ghost towns where people have emigrated and those who remain are practically walking vegetables.
Thank you for sharing.
The images speak for themselves.
Have a good day. Cheers and best regards.

Yes, the 2002 Álvaro Reynoso Task was an unfortunate decision; it left a sad reality in many places. Hershey is proof of that, although other factors also influenced it, making it especially sad 😥. Greetings and have a nice week.

Hiya, @ybanezkim26 here, just swinging by to let you know that this post made it into our Honorable Mentions in Travel Digest #2752.

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Thanks @ybanezkim26 😊. Greetings

nice and beautiful location

Yes, very beautiful, thanks.