Part 4/16:
However, the early 20th century saw these arrangements challenged by regional upheavals and external conflicts. The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) and subsequent Russian Revolution weakened Russia's grip on Persia. With Europe embroiled in tensions and the threat of German expansion looming, Britain and Russia sought a face-saving compromise, culminating in the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907. This treaty effectively divided Persia into zones of influence—Russian, British, and neutral—without consulting the Shah, who was sidelined in the process.