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The South-North Water Transfer Project is a complex network of canals and waterways designed to redirect water from China's water-rich southern regions to the parched north. Spanning three main routes - the Eastern, Central, and Western - the project aims to alleviate the water shortage in the north and provide a consistent supply of fresh water to support the region's agricultural and industrial sectors.
The Eastern and Central routes, now largely complete, have already begun delivering water to the North China Plain and the cities of Beijing and Tianjin. However, it is the Western route that poses the greatest challenge, both in terms of engineering and diplomacy.