I came around a post from Taraz the other day where he talks about his work as consultant, and I realized how influenced I am by my upbringing and education. I never studied anything related to management or finances, but grew up in a self-employed household. That alone brings a lot of teachings. In school we had some economy, tied to politics, including a little about government spending. And I always liked the story of Joseph and the Pharaoh, you know, the seven lean cows devouring seven fat cows. And it's very important on how I run my business (and how I invest in stocks, but that's another topic).
In school, we talked a lot about cyclical government spending, and I was deeply impressed by it. It just made SO much sense to me back then, and still does – unfortunately, no country is really applying it, but turning it ad absurdum by spending the same when in good times, and even more in bad times.
Premises to make it work
So, reading through the post, I found myself realizing that I actually work a lot with that theory. There are two key points that are necessary for this to work.
First, my coworkers have a minimum pay which is enough for them to survive. The rest of the pay is bound to the bakery’s productivity and profit. When we produce a ton of bread, they make a ton of money. Works great for quality, since the quality ensures the sales.
Second, even in bad times, we’re still profitable. I worked really hard on finding that balance, so I never have to take on any debt.
High times!
Now, in high times, we usually have a lot of work on all fronts, and everyone, including me aka the business, is making a lot of money. But we don’t have much time to think things through, do experiments, analyze new investments (new machines, new furniture). So we just buy the most necessary (more pans, more sheets, more flour). I don’t do big investments under pressure, so I am naturally saving money in that time.
Low times
And then comes the low time. Orders go down, maybe the restaurants don’t buy as much, or people are not spending as much time in their homes here, or whatever – in a country with 6 years of consecutive State of Emergency, there’s something every year, sometimes twice. Now we focus on fundamental work. We get together as a team, and talk about what we experienced during the high-times, and what could improve our productivity in those times. Improving productivity means that the bakers produce more in the same time frame, giving them and the bakery more money without working more – win-win. Again, the “Cut-them-in” assures efficiency as their extra pay is based on profit – and investments reduce profit. So everyone is really interested in just getting those toys that actually make sense, and be somewhat more careful when using them.
Since we saved up the money during the high-times, we don’t have to go into debt. That is incredibly important, can’t stretch and repeat it enough.
Another important thing that we do during low-times – acquire new clients. We make experiments on new types of bread, new recipes, new products all around, distribute sample to those we want as our clients, and do more marketing. We have the time and the energy, as we’re not spinning to keep up with orders.
And what does that eventually lead to? Correct! Even higher high times!
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I have double majored in Economics and Geology. More importantly I have life long experience is business and finance. So let me show you something that works in USA. Our tax scenarios.
One of the fundamentals principle of US tax law is to run a business that makes loss. Yes, you heard it right. A good business that is “profitable” for an individual must make losses. More the better! :)
Yeah I know: but it’s true and is a fallacy of US tax law. Want proof? The US President! None of his businesses has ever made any money, numerous went into bankruptcy, but it is a very rich man! :)
Amazon launched in 1997. The first time it made any money is 2008, by then Jeff Bezos was a billionaire.
The goal here is not the make $1300. The goal is to write $1300 off as a loss or sunk cost. This is called marked to market accounting. Since you bought that equipment several years back, each year it depreciated. Now as a used equipment it is easy to show that it is worthless. So you bought an equipment that you used in your business that was an expense of $1300 and now it is worth $0. So you lost $1300. You can use this loss to offset your personal gain that you may have.
If you do this write it is possible to show you have zero income or even negative income. So you don’t pay any taxes! Makes sense?
That my friend is mark to market accounting! :)
It works similar here in Ecuador - but most business are just not as big to get out of the "Micro-Business" sector. Income tax is incredibly low (if income is below 20k a year, you pay 60$ flat. Above that, you pay 1 cent for each dollar above the 20k), and even if I had any losses - they would probably not make that much of a difference. But the big businesses, they have it all figured out :-D
Never my way of doing business, but it's what is supported by the tax system. So, each nation get what they ask for in that way.
Here it's the opposite. Not only everyone have debt, it is highly encouraged. This is because debt payments are expenses and therefore tax deductible.
Most private people here have debt as well. Most people I know have debt. I don't like it. Never spend more than you have, and especially don't spend on something you don't need.
Tax rate is 35% here;)
Yeah, Germany is kind of the same :-D Makes it easier here, though there are many other different waters to navigate. Just so... different.